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O'Higgins family
O'Higgins (Irish: ''Ó hUiginn'') is an Irish noble family descended from Shean (Seán) Duff O'Higgins (fl. 1600 C.E.), Gaelic Baron of Ballynary, who was married to a daughter of the royal family of O'Conor at Ballintuber Castle in Connacht. Shean Duff O'Higgins himself claimed descent from King Niall of Tara (d. 450 C.E.).〔The National Genealogical Office (Dublin), MS 165. p. 396-399.〕〔''Annals of the Four Masters'' M378-405〕〔Geoffrey Keating, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 51, 52〕 Historically, many of their ancestors were poets and scholars who enjoyed the patronage of several chiefly families including O'Conor Don, MacDermott, O'Doherty, O'Gara, and MacDonagh.
O'Higgins are counted among the Gaelic nobility as a sept of the royal house of O'Neill.〔The National Genealogical Office (Dublin), MS 165. p. 396-399.〕〔Genealogy of Ó hUiginn from O Clery Book of Genealogies (based on edition by Séamus Pender, Analecta Hibernica 15, 1951)〕 Members of this family were further ennobled in 1724 by James III (pretender to the throne of England and Ireland) during his in exile in France, and again in 1795 and 1796 by Charles IV of Spain.
==Family name==
Earlier scholars traced the origin of the name from the word "knowledge" in Irish, possible linked to the family's early prominence as bards to the Gaelic Kings.〔letter from Prof. Eóin Mac Neill to Prof. Knott written in December 1919.〕 However, more recent scholars have identified that "uigin" refers to a Norse seafarer or Viking.〔The bardic poems of Tadhg Dall Ó hUiginn (1550–1591), Eleanor Knott (ed.), London, 1920 and 1926〕 In Gaelic times the prefix Uí before a name was used to signify descent from a grandson, this family are said to have descended from the grandson of Uiginn who lived in the 11th century or possibly from a previous Uiginn who was a grandson of King Niall of Tara. In modern times the surname has often been translated from Irish into "Higgins" in English although members the more senior branches of the family continue to use "O'Higgins".
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